INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 6

IPv6

     The exhaustion of IPv4 address gave birth to a next generation Internet Protocol. IPv6 address is nodes with 128 bit wide address, providing plenty of address space for future to be used on entire planet. IPv6 has introduced Anycast addressing but has removed the concept of broadcasting. IPv6 enables devices to self-acquire an IPv6 address and communicate within that subnet. This auto configuration removes the dependability of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) servers. This way even if the DHCP server on that subnet is down, the hosts can communicate with each other. IPv6 provides new feature of IPv6 mobility. Mobile IPv6 equipped machines can roam around without the need of changing their IP addresses. IPv6 is still in transition phase and is expected to replace IPv4 completely in coming years. At present, there are few networks which are running on IPv6. There are some transition mechanisms available for IPv6 enabled networks to speak and roam around different networks easily on IPv4. They are :
  • Dual stack implementation
  • Tunneling
  • NAT-PT
IPv6 is a 128 bit address key, it is represented in hexadecimal format (32 hexadecimal digits). It is divided into 8 quadrants. Each quadrant is separated using colons ( : ).
eg : AB00:1210:4210:0D00:4521:A000:0A00:0B02

Advantages of IPv6

  1. Lot of address space.
  2. No need for NAT or PAT.
  3. Improved header details.
  4. IPSEC (IP Security).
  5. Built in support for mobility.
  6. It supports automatic address configuration using state full and state less DHCP. [DHCP : Protocol used for assigning IP address automatically.]
  7. It uses NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) instead of ARP (Address Resolution Protocol).
  8. It uses transition tools to migrate from IPv4 to IPv6.
  9. To solve address duplication issues IPv6 interface use DAD (Duplicate Address Detection).

Types of IPv6 Address

Unicast

  1. Global Unicast : It is like public IP in IPv4 which are rout-able through public networks. Global unicast address are assigned from ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers).
  2. Unique local/Site local Address : These address are like private IP in IPv4, rout-able only within private networks.
  3. Link local Address : It is also like private IP in IPv4, but these address are non rout-able, they are used for communication, by hosts within a subnet.

Multicast Address

It is like multicast in IPv4, ie, one to many communication.

Anycast Address

These are assigned for multiple interface. It is used for one to nearest communication. A data forwarded to this address is designated to the nearest server using the address.

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